This document considers the steps you can take to maximise your chances of having a healthy pregnancy. Some of the issues should ideally be addressed before you become pregnant.

RUBELLA IMMUNITY

While you may have been immunised against Rubella (German Measles) as a child, immunity may be lost over time. A simple blood test will confirm whether you are rubella immune or not. Ideally you should confirm your rubella status before embarking on a pregnancy. If not immune you should be immunised. You should postpone pregnancy for 3 months after vaccination.

FOLIC ACID AND NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (NTDS)

The neural tube forms the unborn babies spine. Incomplete formation results in neural tube defects such as anencephaly or spina bifida. NTD’s may occur from early in pregnancy even before a period has been missed. The risk of having a child with a neural tube defect can be reduced by making sure that you get enough of the B vitamin, folic acid in your diet prior to conception and during the first three months of pregnancy.

Folic acid intake can be increased by - eating folate rich foods such as fruit, potatoes and green leafy vegetables, eating foods fortified with folic acid i.e. breakfast cereals, breads and milk.

Folic acid supplements should be taken in addition. These can be obtained from the pharmacy without prescription.

If there is a family history of spina bifida, folic acid supplements will be required at a higher dose. Consult your doctor prior to conception to discuss.

ALCOHOL

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can affect the development of the baby. If possible avoid alcohol completely or restrict intake to a minimum.

SMOKING

Smoking increases the risk of miscarriage and premature birth. Babies of smokers are more likely to be smaller at birth. If you give up smoking not only will you feel healthier but you will also increase your chances of having a healthy baby.

STOP ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Try to stop the pill for 3 months before you conceive. The gap allows your monthly cycle to revert to normal before you conceive and you can be more certain about when the baby will be due.

PILLS AND MEDICINES

It is best to avoid all medicines during pregnancy especially during the first three months. If you are taking regular medication consult with your doctor before you become pregnant.